改良土用到哪些設備？

What equipment is used for soil improvement?

一、破碎篩分設備

1、 Crushing and screening equipment

破碎篩分設備是改良土的基礎裝備，常見的有顎式破碎機、圓錐破碎機、振動篩等。顎式破碎機通過動顎與定顎的相互擠壓，將大塊土壤破碎成較小顆粒；圓錐破碎機則利用動錐和定錐的相對運動，對土壤進行進一步破碎。振動篩通過高頻振動，將破碎后的土壤按粒徑大小進行分級篩選，確保土壤顆粒符合改良要求。在道路基層施工中，破碎篩分設備將開采的天然土處理成合適粒徑的土壤原料，為后續(xù)改良工序提供基礎材料。

Crushing and screening equipment is the basic equipment for improving soil, commonly including jaw crushers, cone crushers, vibrating screens, etc. The jaw crusher crushes large pieces of soil into smaller particles through the mutual compression between the moving jaw and the fixed jaw; The cone crusher utilizes the relative motion between the moving cone and the fixed cone to further crush the soil. The vibrating screen uses high-frequency vibration to classify and screen the broken soil according to particle size, ensuring that the soil particles meet the improvement requirements. In the construction of road subgrade, the crushing and screening equipment processes the extracted natural soil into suitable particle size soil raw materials, providing high-quality foundation materials for subsequent improvement processes.

二、攪拌混合設備

2、 Mixing equipment

攪拌混合設備是實現(xiàn)化學改良和物理均勻化的核心設備，如雙軸攪拌機、單軸攪拌機、強制式攪拌機等。雙軸攪拌機通過兩根攪拌軸上的葉片旋轉，將土壤與化學改良劑充分攪拌混合，適用于大面積的土壤改良工程；強制式攪拌機則通過高速旋轉的攪拌葉片，對物料進行強烈攪拌，混合效率高、均勻性好，常用于對混合質量要求較高的工程。在水利工程的堤壩建設中，攪拌混合設備將水泥、土壤等均勻混合，形成高強度的改良土，增強堤壩的穩(wěn)定性和防滲性。

Mixing equipment is the core equipment for achieving chemical improvement and physical homogenization, such as double axis mixers, single axis mixers, forced mixers, etc. The dual axis mixer rotates the blades on two mixing shafts to thoroughly mix soil and chemical amendments, making it suitable for large-scale soil improvement projects; A forced mixer uses high-speed rotating mixing blades to vigorously stir materials, resulting in high mixing efficiency and good uniformity. It is commonly used in projects that require high mixing quality. In the construction of dams in hydraulic engineering, mixing equipment uniformly mixes cement, soil, etc. to form high-strength improved soil, enhancing the stability and impermeability of dams.、

三、壓實設備

3、 Compaction equipment

壓實設備通過機械作用力提高土壤的密實度，常見的有壓路機、夯實機等。壓路機利用自身重量和振動功能，對土壤進行碾壓，使土壤顆粒相互靠近，減少孔隙率；夯實機則通過沖擊作用，將土壤夯實。在鐵路路基施工中，壓實設備將改良后的土壤壓實規(guī)定的密實度，確保路基能夠承受列車的荷載，減少路基沉降。

Compaction equipment improves the compactness of soil through mechanical force, commonly including rollers, compactors, etc. The roller uses its own weight and vibration function to compact the soil, bringing soil particles closer to each other and reducing porosity; The compactor uses impact to compact the soil. In railway subgrade construction, compaction equipment compacts the improved soil to the specified density, ensuring that the subgrade can withstand the load of trains and reduce subgrade settlement.

四、噴灑設備

4、 Spray equipment

噴灑設備主要用于化學改良劑的添加，如灑水車改裝的噴灑車、專用的霧炮機等。這些設備能夠將化學改良劑以均勻的霧狀噴灑到土壤表面或與土壤混合過程中，保證改良劑的均勻分布。在鹽堿地改良工程中，噴灑設備將酸性改良劑均勻噴灑在鹽堿土壤表面，中和土壤堿性，改善土壤的酸堿度。

Spray equipment is mainly used for adding chemical amendments, such as spray trucks modified from sprinkler trucks, specialized fog cannon machines, etc. These devices are capable of spraying chemical amendments in a uniform mist onto the soil surface or during the mixing process with the soil, ensuring the uniform distribution of the amendments. In the improvement project of saline alkali land, the spraying equipment evenly sprays acidic amendments on the surface of saline alkali soil, neutralizes soil alkalinity, and improves soil acidity.

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